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PAIA / Sections / Section 36
Section 36

Mandatory protection of commercial information of third party

Part 2 · Access to Records of Public Bodies · Chapter 4 — Grounds for Refusal of Access to Records

(1) Subject to subsection (2), the information officer of a public body must refuse a request for access to a record of the body if the record contains— (a) trade secrets of a third party; (b) financial, commercial, scientific or technical information, other than trade secrets, of a third party, the disclosure of which would be likely to cause harm to the commercial or financial interests of that third party; or (c) information supplied in confidence by a third party the disclosure of which could reasonably be expected— (i) to put that third party at a disadvantage in contractual or other negotiations; or (ii) to prejudice that third party in commercial competition.

(2) A record may not be refused in terms of subsection (1) insofar as it consists of information— (a) already publicly available; (b) about a third party who has consented in terms of section 48 or otherwise in writing to its disclosure to the requester concerned; or (c) about the results of any product or environmental testing or other investigation supplied by a third party or the result of any such testing or investigation carried out by or on behalf of a third party and its disclosure would reveal a serious public safety or environmental risk.

(3) For the purposes of subsection (2)(c), the results of any product or environmental testing or other investigation do not include the results of preliminary testing or other investigation conducted for the purpose of developing methods of testing or other investigation.

[S 36(2)(c) substituted by s 32 of Act 42 of 2001.]
commercial informationtrade secretsthird partypublic bodymandatory refusal
Beyond the text

What this means in practice

  • A public body must protect a third party's trade secrets and other harmful-to-disclose or confidential commercial information — the public-body twin of s.64.
  • Exceptions: already-public information, consent, or a record revealing a serious public-safety or environmental risk.
Relevant tool

PopiGuard helps weigh third-party commercial harm against the public-interest and consent exceptions, on the record.

See PopiGuard →